Sri Lanka is exceptionally rich in herpetofauna, with remarkable diversity in both amphibians and reptiles. The island is home to 110 species of amphibians, of which 94 are endemic, making it one of the highest amphibian endemism rates globally. These species are primarily concentrated in the wet zone forests and central highlands, where moisture and microhabitats support their survival.

In contrast, Sri Lanka’s reptile diversity includes 247 species of snakes, with 166 endemic species, along with a wide variety of lizards, geckos, skinks, turtles, and two species of crocodiles. This distinct and localized diversity makes the island an important region for reptile and amphibian conservation.